By the early 1980s to revive the construction of Defense, the third generation of towers are built on a more economical: less broad and less high as tour Pascal, Voltaire and tour the neighborhood Michelet. The largest shopping center in Europe at the time (100 000 square meters), the Quatre Temps, was created in 1981. In 1982, EPAD, under the leadership of President François Mitterrand, launched the competition "Head defense leading to the construction of the Grande Arche. During this same period, hotels are built, the CNIT was redesigned (1989) and the extension of Line 1 of the Paris Metro, which started on 1 April 1992, closer to the Paris La Defense in-house. In 1991 the planned construction of the tower Without End of Jean Nouvel, the second highest skyscraper in the world at the time with his 426 meters after the Sears Tower in Chicago for delivery in 1993. The project was abandoned. In 1993, La Defense is facing its second crisis. It was not until 1997 that a dramatic restart starts. Today, the defense is the first business district of Europe. Banks and insurance companies have invested the scene leaving the traditional areas they occupied between the Exchange and the Opera.